Prostate cancer screening: What you need to know

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers affecting men, but awareness and early action can make a real difference. At Healix Health, we’re here to empower individuals with clear information about prostate cancer, including how and when to consider screening. Whether you're thinking about your personal risk or supporting someone else through the process, understanding the facts is the first step.

What is prostate cancer?

The prostate is a small gland found only in men, located just below the bladder and surrounding the urethra. It plays a key role in producing the fluid that carries sperm. Over time, the prostate naturally enlarges - growing from the size of a walnut to up to three times that by old age.

Prostate cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the gland begin to grow uncontrollably. It’s very common: 1 in 8 men will be diagnosed in their lifetime, and it's responsible for around 52,000 new cases and 12,000 deaths in the UK each year. Black men and those with a family history of prostate cancer face a higher risk.

Why screening matters

Screening can help detect prostate cancer at an early stage, when treatment is more likely to be effective. But unlike some other screening programmes, prostate cancer screening isn’t routinely offered to everyone—because the benefits and risks need to be weighed carefully.

The two main screening methods are:

• PSA blood test: Measures Prostate Specific Antigen levels, which can be higher in men with prostate cancer.

• Digital rectal examination (DRE): A physical exam to feel for abnormalities in the prostate.

While these tests can help identify prostate cancer early, they’re not perfect. Some men may receive false positives, leading to further tests or even treatment for cancers that might never have caused harm. That’s why screening is considered a personal choice—one that should be made with a clear understanding of the risks and benefits.

The benefits of early detection

Although not all prostate cancers are life-threatening, early detection can improve outcomes for more aggressive forms. Some men are diagnosed with slow-growing cancers that can be safely monitored over time, while others may need surgery, radiation, or hormone therapy.

Knowing your personal risk factors—such as age, family history, ethnicity, and lifestyle—can guide decisions about whether and when to screen. For those who choose to proceed, screening offers peace of mind and the chance to act before symptoms appear.

Screening FAQs

Is screening recommended for all men?
Not routinely. Screening is available to those who request it, usually starting from age 50—or earlier for those at higher risk.

What are the main risk factors for prostate cancer?

• Age – risk increases after 50

• Family history – especially a father or brother with the disease

• Ethnicity – Black men face higher risks

• Lifestyle – including diet, weight, and physical activity

Are PSA and DRE tests reliable?
Both have benefits and limitations. PSA testing can detect cancer early but may also result in false positives or overdiagnosis. DRE adds another layer of information but can be uncomfortable for some men.

If screening doesn't always save lives, why do it?
For some, screening offers reassurance. Others may prefer to avoid unnecessary tests or treatments. The choice is personal—your GP can help you decide what’s right for you.

What if I have symptoms?
Screening is for men without symptoms. If you’re experiencing changes such as difficulty urinating, blood in urine or semen, pelvic discomfort, bone pain, or unexplained weight loss, speak to a clinician right away.

At Healix Health, we provide access to virtual GP consultations through our partner Teladoc Health, fast-tracked referrals, and personalised health assessments. Our aim is to support informed decision-making, so you feel confident in your next steps - whatever they may be.